The human papillomavirus (HPV)
Cervical cancer is caused by infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV), which is spread by genital-skin to genital-skin contact.
HPV can cause changes in the cells of the cervix, which can in some cases develop into cervical cancer over many years if left untreated.
The only way to know whether these cell changes are there is to have regular Pap tests. If the changes are found at an early stage, they can usually be treated quickly and easily.
A vaccine has been created for women that protects against the HPV types that cause 70% of cervical cancer. Women should continue to have regular Pap tests, even after the cervical cancer vaccine.
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Lucy's story
I've always been very aware of the importance of regular Pap tests, as my Mum had early-stage cervical cancer in her 30s.
She encouraged me to start having regular Pap tests when I turned 18 and I followed her advice, albeit begrudgingly!
